Blood cyst of the ovary is also called an Endometriotic Cyst or Endometrioma.
They are caused by Endometriosis, a condition where the menstruation
lining is found outside the womb, leading to menstruation outside the
womb. Endometriosis is the most common cause of painful menstruation
and it can start as early as in the teens.
Endometriosis involves the left ovary and left pelvis more often than the right side. This
gives the typical left sided pelvic pain of Endometriosis.
Small blood cyst (<4cm) that is not causing much pain, can be monitored with 4-6 monthly scans.
Surgery is the treatment of choice
Endometriosis surgery is best done by laparoscopic keyhole surgery because the vision and
access to the deeper pelvis is far more superior than conventional open surgery.
There is also less pain, less infection and less adhesions formation, resulting in faster
recovery and better fertility outcome.
Endometriosis is a condition that is linked to menstruation. Hence blood cysts that are cause by Endometriosis can recur after surgery, if the menstruation continues.
To prevent the blood cyst from forming again, medical treatment to stop the menstruation and treat the Endometriosis, is advised.
It is well accepted that blood cyst of >6cm is best removed laparoscopically to improve
fertility.
For blood cysts of 4-5cm in size, a detailed discussion of the risks and benefits of surgery
is needed.
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